Ve- widened to 4 lanes? Method of eval- hicles break down in the uating effectiveness: average delay intersection making one time of all vehicles. Resources re- lane impassable. Acci- quired: 2 people for 10 days for data dents occur blocking traf- collection, 1 person for 5 days for fic for varying amounts of data analysis, 1 person for 5 days for time. The data could be easily augmented as it is being collected. Analysis of the data could also be performed using currently available software.
Model Translation step 5 - Many simulation languages are now available see Chapter 4. Validation step 7 - Validation is partially a statistical exercise. Statistical packages are available for this purpose. Experimental Design step 3 - Same response as for step 7. Production Runs step 9 - See discussion of step 5 above. Documentation and Reporting step 11 - Software is available for documentation assistance and for report preparation.
The problem requests that the simulation for each policy should run for 5 days. This is a very short run length to make a policy decision. Let 1 denote the fastest server, 2 the second fastest server, and so on. Arrival event No Server 1 Served by 1 busy? Yes No Served by 2 Server 2 busy? Departure event from server j Begin server j No Another Yes Remove the waiting idle time unit unit from the queue waiting? Shown on simulation tables Then, simulate for two taxis for 5 days.
Comparison Smalltown Taxi would have to decide which is more important—paying for about 43 hours of idle time in a five day period with no customers having to wait, or paying for around 4 hours of idle time in a five day period, but having a probability of waiting equal to 0. Continue this process for 5 replications and estimate the desired probability.
Time Serv. In Exercise 20, the modal value is in the bin 1. In Figure 2. In Exercise 20, the median value is about 1. Bin Frequency No. Waiting Time in each bin 30 25 25 Occurrences No. In Exercise 21, the modal value is in the bin 2. There are three addition higher valued bins that have frequencies of one less. In Exercise 21, the median value is about 3. Waiting Time in each bin 8 7 7 6 6 6 6 Occurrences No. But, with simulation, it may or may not happen.
Number of Trials Minimum Maximum 25 0. This shows why you should not conduct just one trial. It might be the low value, 0. Or, it might be the high value, 3.
This is what is expected in simulation. When there are more observations, there is a greater opportunity to have a smaller or larger value. The difference between these two is less than would be anticipated. We also determined the ranges. On 50 trials, the range of observation on the maximum values is 4. With trials, the comparable value is 3. The average value for 50 trials and trials is close 0. But, the variation in the values is much larger when there are 50 trials vs trials 0.
With more observations, there is a greater opportunity to have larger or smaller values. But, with more observations, there is more information so that the averages are more consistent. With 50 trials, the best policy is to order 60 or, perhaps, 70 papers. More trials for the policies of 60 and 70 papers are advised.
These 10 days can be considered as independent trials 10 x These days of information helps to answer Exercise 28 better. The more information, the better. Review period days Avg. Ending Inventory 4 3. Maximum Inventory Avg. Ending Inventory 10 2. There is a much greater opportunity for a large or small value with ten times as many trials. Average lead time demand is 8. Original data Bin Frequency Occurrences No. New input data Expmt Middle Expmt Middle Expmt Middle Expmt Middle 1 6 11 16 2 7 12 17 3 8 13 18 4 9 14 19 5 10 15 20 a Bin Frequency Occurrences No.
For additional solutions check the course web site at www. You can ignore these columns when solving the problem in Excel, and instead use the methods in the textbook. Clock Clock Clock. Average 45 19 Open navigation menu. Close suggestions Search Search. User Settings. Skip carousel. Carousel Previous. Carousel Next. What is Scribd?
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Foreword There are over three hundred exercises for solution in the text. Nicol This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning. Chapter 1 Introduction to Simulation 1.
Cafeteria Diners Size of appetite Selecting food Arrival at Number of diners service line in waiting line Entree preference Paying for food Departures Number of servers from service working line b. Fast food Customers Size of order Placing the Arrival at Number of customers restaurant desired order the counter waiting Paying for Completion Number of positions the order of purchase operating e.
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